Dental bleaching / Tooth Whitening is a technique by which the extrinsic or Intrinsic staining or discoloration of tooth may be removed and the tooth are so cleaned that they look white.
Why is Tooth Whitening / Dental Bleaching done?
Who does not want beautiful teeth? The purpose of tooth whitening is maintenance of aesthetics of our teeth.
When our teeth loose their original colour, it is called staining
There are two types of staining
Extrinsic Stains is staining of tooth surface and the same can sometimes be removed by good brushing or by a professional.
Intrinsic Stains is staining in teeth occuring from within and the same cannot be removed by brushing and flossing.
The following examples are showing how staiined teeth look after tooth whitening / Dental Bleaching:

WHAT AREAS OF OUR TEETH GET BLEACHED / BLEACHED ?

The layer you can see within mouth is ‘enamel ; the portion of tooth that should lie above gums. Natural colour of enamel is white, but it is translucent and the colour of other strs. that underlie it tend to show through.
Material immediately below is ‘DENTIN’ colour is yellow, but porous and materials ‘from the nerve’ can penetrate it causing its darkness with age.
This is the reason that simply brushing cannot prevent teeth becoming darker yellow as we get older.